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M&A Financial Due Diligence: What Buyers Actually Look For

Every letter of intent contains the same silent clause: subject to due diligence. What happens next determines whether the deal closes at the agreed price, closes lower, or dies. Here is what the buyer's team is actually doing.

Proving the earnings are real

Diligence begins with tying reported revenue and profit to objective evidence — bank deposits, tax returns, customer contracts. Gaps between what the books say and what the bank statements show are the fastest deal-killers, because they poison trust in every other number.

Testing the quality of those earnings

Real earnings are not necessarily durable earnings. Buyers dissect revenue concentration (what happens if the largest customer leaves?), owner dependence (does the business survive the seller's exit?), one-time windfalls dressed as recurring income, and expenses running through the business that a new owner wouldn't carry. This analysis — quality of earnings — is where purchase prices get renegotiated.

Deals rarely die from bad news. They die from surprises — bad news the seller could have disclosed and framed, discovered instead by the buyer.

Working capital, the quiet battleground

Most purchase agreements require the seller to deliver a normal level of working capital. Defining normal — the receivables, payables, and inventory the business needs to operate — is a negotiation many sellers don't see coming, and an unprepared seller concedes real dollars in it.

What sellers control

Sellers cannot control what diligence finds. They completely control whether diligence finds it first. Clean, reconciled books; three years of financials that tie to tax returns; documented add-backs with evidence; an organized data room — this preparation typically takes weeks when done ahead and causes months of delay when attempted mid-deal, under deadline, with a buyer watching.

The preparation dividend

Sellers who complete sell-side financial preparation before going to market close faster, retain more of the headline price, and survive diligence with their leverage intact. The work costs the same either way; only the outcome differs.

Know where your books stand — before a lender or buyer tells you.

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